V.RDA.0006 - A feasibility study of Ultra High Frequency Technology

Summary

The National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) currently utilises electronic identification devices (EID) that contain a low frequency (LF) half duplex (HDX) microchip component. EID is the basis for individual animal identification in line with the NLIS RFID Standards, the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) accreditation and international standards.

Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) is an alternative technology to a LF HDX that has been identified as a possible alternative technology for EID in the NLIS. UHF has been adapted for use in the livestock industry across the world and is currently used in a range of industries. UHF can rapidly read groups of animals at speed, read individual animals at close range, as well as having data storage capabilities.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the technical and economic viability of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) technology within the context of the National Livestock Identification System (NLIS).

Objectives

The objectives of this project were as follows:
1. Investigate and understand whether UHF technology works in commercial settings and is practically sound for implementation in Australia.
2. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis for cattle, sheep and goat industries in the adoption of UHF technology for traceability purposes, including providing an analysis of: 
a. UHF as the only identification technology for traceability purposes  
b. Dual technology approach (both LF and UHF)  
c. Cost of implementing UHF versus remaining with current LF technology 
3. Determine the impact on the current NLIS software (i.e. changes required for the NLIS database, implications for integrated systems and software (e.g. government and commercial) and hardware (i.e. identification of device or chip availability; scanners and dual readers), including the cost and time required to upgrade or integrate changes in the entire supply chain for UHF adoption.  
4. Propose the best pathway forward for adoption of UHF technology.  
5. Identify any adaptability possibilities for other cloven-hoofed species (pigs, camelids, deer etc.) for future inclusion in NLIS.

Key findings

The research conducted through this project indicated that there has been substantial UHF technology progress in livestock settings, with a number of challenges previously associated with UHF being overcome. However, further research and development is required to validate UHF technology readiness and deliver additional performance data on its use for the Australian livestock industry.

The economic analysis showed that transitioning from a LF system, to a UHF system, would deliver benefits to both cattle and sheep supply chains. UHF livestock tags and readers that are fit for purpose and cost effective, could lead to the capturing of major industry benefits and reduce the cost burden of traceability on livestock industries. UHF technology also provides greater potential opportunities for additional supply chain value creation when compared to current LF systems.

UHF is estimated to be a minimum of 4-7 years from being available for adoption in cattle, sheep and/or goat supply chains, therefore, LF RFID systems will be implemented nation-wide in cattle, sheep and goat supply chains before a UHF alternative is ready for potential adoption. The minimum timeframe of 4 years is due to the need for further industry-focused research, in-field technology trials, regulatory guidance, and the potential establishment of new Australian interim standards (in lieu of defined international standards) based on an accelerated approach that proposes to establish local standards as a first stage. Using a more traditional approach that would align with the development of international standards, timeframes for adoption would be closer to 7-9 years.

Benefits to industry

By exploring alternative traceability technologies that could offer long-term advantages to the Australian livestock industry, this project identifies and guides future research and development to prepare industry for technology alternatives and new innovations. This project evaluated the suitability of UHF technology for use in the Australian livestock industry context, and provides industry with insights around the costs, timeframes and implications associated with transitioning to UHF.

Future research

While the findings of this project provide strong evidence of the technical capabilities and economic advantages of UHF technology, it is highly recommended to conduct further research and development to validate UHF technology's readiness and deliver additional data on its performance in use. This subsequent phase of research should centre on comprehensive technology testing and trials; engaging with supply chain participants to gain a deeper insight into the benefits; and establishing significant communication with UHF technology providers to gauge global commercial interest.