Cattle implantable identification field trials

Summary

Integrity Systems Company (ISC) has been working to improve the tracking and traceability of Australian cattle. This project focused on assessing the feasibility of an implantable device in cattle in two controlled field trials (ie. paddock and feedlots).

Particular interest was to gather data on features of modern polymeric implantable device options (such as the size and material alternatives) and compare how these devices performed in terms of being retained in the animal.

Learnings about the methods of device implantation, applicator tools, and procedures were also made. This project provided the first practical, evidence-based approach to address whether implantable devices could be a potential alternative identified for traceability.

Objectives

• Validate the middle back of the ear as a suitable implantation site;
• Explore and measure the three factors of PIT tag retention; rejection, migration and infection.
• Determine essential PIT tag design requirements [22mm vs. 32mm / tissue growth coating on a polymer substrate) vs. uncoated (polymer substrate only)]. 
• Capture any potential supply chain issues and beast welfare considerations that require further investigation.
• Scope recommendations and further steps to advance the assessment of polymeric PIT tag options across the full supply chain.

Key findings

• The middle-back of the ear is an appropriate site for implantation to minimise food safety risks associated with PIT device migration.
• The 22mm length device was reported as being easier to implant. 
• The condition of the ear (i.e. free of pre-existing damage and excessive tags) is important in achieving the desired retention.  
• If PIT device migration occurred, the direction of migration was always towards the animal's head. Device migration is a parameter that should continue to be monitored and reported in future, longer-term trials.   
• The application of a coating as an experimental coating to promote tissue growth led to superior retention and anti-infection performance than uncoated polymer PIT devices.
• The successful implantation of both 22mm and 32mm PIT devices was achieved. Further advancement in the implantation protocol as well as refinements to both the device design and applicator gun will make the task of implantation easier for producers. 
• This trial confirmed that there is not a requirement for qualified vets or highly specialised knowledge to apply the devices.

Benefits to industry

The implantable devices assessed through these trials have the potential to provide an alternative identification method for Australian cattle.

Early adopters of this technology will be cattle producers who currently experience high levels of tag loss, are seeking to improve farm management practices, or are affected by stock theft.

The development of any innovative electronic devices that have the potential to address known issues and improve the performance of identification technologies is desirable for Australia’s traceability system.

Future research

Further work is recommended to continue investigating the potential of implantable PIT devices for use in the Australian cattle industry. Commercial supply chain trials will be pursued to acquire longer-term performance data and test the needs of the entire supply chain.